Introduction Bullets are one of the most critical components of ammunition and play a significant role in determining the performance, accuracy, and terminal effects of a firearm. While many people use the terms bullet and cartridge interchangeably, they are not the same. A bullet is the projectile that leaves the ...
Introduction Fingerprints have been the gold standard of personal identification for over a century. Their uniqueness and permanence make them one of the most reliable forms of forensic evidence. However, crime scenes often do not provide complete fingerprint impressions. Smudged, partial, or distorted prints can make identification difficult using traditional ...
Introduction In today’s digital and cashless economy, plastic money has become an essential part of everyday financial transactions. From purchasing groceries and shopping online to paying utility bills and booking travel tickets, plastic money offers convenience, speed, and security. As the use of physical currency gradually decreases in many sectors, ...
An Indian passport is not only a travel document but also an important proof of identity and nationality. To prevent forgery, counterfeiting, and unauthorized alterations, Indian passports incorporate several advanced security features. These features help immigration authorities, law enforcement agencies, and border control officials verify the authenticity of the document ...
Introduction In today’s legal landscape, documents play a crucial role in proving facts, establishing ownership, validating agreements, and determining the authenticity of evidence. Whether it is a disputed signature on a property agreement, a forged cheque, an altered will, or a fabricated business contract, questioned documents can significantly influence the ...
Introduction Wildlife crime is one of the fastest-growing illegal activities in the world, threatening biodiversity, endangered species, and ecosystems. From poaching and illegal hunting to trafficking of animal parts and products, these crimes often operate across national borders. To combat such offenses, scientists and investigators rely on wildlife forensics-the application ...
Introduction The first hour after a crime scene is discovered is often referred to as the “golden hour” of investigation. During this critical period, investigators work quickly to secure, assess, document, and preserve evidence before it can be altered, contaminated, or destroyed. The actions taken in these first sixty minutes ...
Security Features of Bank Cheques: How Modern Cheques Prevent Fraud Introduction Despite the rapid growth of digital banking and online payments, bank cheques continue to play an important role in financial transactions across the world. Businesses, government organizations, and individuals still rely on cheques for various payments due to their ...
Introduction Handwriting is one of the most unique forms of human expression. Long before digital communication became dominant, handwritten notes, letters, and signatures were used as primary means of communication and personal identification. Even today, handwriting continues to play a significant role in forensic investigations, legal disputes, and document verification. ...