Introduction In today’s digital era, almost every crime leaves behind a digital trail — be it in the form of emails, mobile data, CCTV footage, or online activity logs. Forensic investigators rely on this digital evidence to reconstruct events, identify suspects, and establish facts in court. However, digital evidence is ...
In digital forensic investigations, accessing password-protected data can be the key to uncovering hidden evidence. Passwords safeguard personal, corporate, and criminal data alike — from encrypted drives to social media accounts. However, when investigators encounter encrypted systems or password-protected files during lawful examinations, password recovery and cracking techniques become essential ...
Introduction Messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal dominate personal and professional communication. These apps also serve as platforms for criminal activity, requiring forensic investigation. App-based forensics focuses on extracting evidence from applications while preserving data integrity and ensuring legal compliance. Encryption, cloud backups, and ephemeral messaging features make tracing ...
Introduction In digital forensics, data integrity is everything. Any modification to the original evidence can render it legally inadmissible. To prevent such contamination, forensic experts rely on a crucial piece of hardware or software called a write blocker. A write blocker ensures that data can be read but not altered ...
Introduction In digital investigations, most people focus on hard drives and storage devices. However, one of the most volatile yet critical sources of digital evidence lies within a computer’s Random Access Memory (RAM). Memory forensics—also known as volatile memory analysis—involves capturing and examining data stored temporarily in RAM to uncover ...
Introduction Digital forensics is the backbone of modern investigations, helping experts uncover hidden evidence from computers, mobile devices, and networks. To ensure accuracy and efficiency, forensic analysts depend heavily on specialized tools that allow them to collect, analyze, and present data while maintaining evidential integrity. Among the vast array of ...
Introduction The rapid digitization of our world has created new opportunities—and new risks. Every day, cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in systems, launch sophisticated attacks, and cover their tracks using advanced anti-forensic techniques. At the same time, digital devices—from smartphones to IoT sensors—are producing massive amounts of data that must be examined ...
Introduction Every digital action leaves behind a footprint. Whether it’s creating a document, visiting a website, connecting a USB device, or sending an email, systems silently record timestamps and activity logs. For forensic experts, these traces are more than scattered fragments; they are pieces of a story waiting to be ...
Introduction In the realm of forensic science, fingerprint analysis has long been regarded as one of the most reliable methods of personal identification. The uniqueness and permanence of fingerprint patterns form the backbone of this technique, making it invaluable in criminal investigations, civil disputes, and personal authentication systems. While ridge ...