INTRODUCTION The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) is one of the most important tools used in questioned document examination (QDE). It is a nondestructive system designed to study, capture, and analyse documents under a wide range of lighting conditions. By using the VSC, forensic experts can detect alterations, compare different inks, ...
INTRODUCTION Forensic document examination plays a crucial role in modern investigations by uncovering fraud, forgery, and alterations in questioned writings. One of the most significant instruments used in this field is the Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA). This specialized device is designed to reveal indentations or impressions left on sheets of ...
Introduction In today’s world of increasing digital and physical frauds, handwriting experts play a critical role in uncovering the truth behind disputed documents. Whether it is a forged signature on a will, a tampered cheque, or altered business agreements, expert forgery detection is vital in legal and corporate investigations. Forgery ...
INTRODUCTION Handwriting analysis is important in forensic science because it helps to authenticate documents, identify individuals, and solve difficult legal issues. Forensic handwriting experts are specially trained individuals who examine handwriting, signatures, and writing patterns to detect forgery, authorship, and document tampering. Their competence bridges the gap between law and ...